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Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.

【重點詞匯】

quality [?kw?l?ti] n. 質量;品質;素質;品德

adj. 優質的;高質量的

variable [?ve?ri?bl] n. 變量;可變因素

adj. 多變的;易變的;變化無常的

union [?ju?ni?n] n. 工會;協會

rid [r?d] v. 擺脫;去除;消除

promote [pr??m??t] v. 促進;推動

【句子分析】

主句：teachers’ unions(主語)have fought against(謂語)getting rid of bad ones(賓語1)and(連詞)promoting good ones(賓語2)

Even though讓步狀語從句：Even though(引導詞)there is(there be句型)plenty of evidence(主語)

That同位語從句：that(引導詞)the quality of the teachers(主語)is(系動詞)the most important variable(表語)

【補充分析】

①That同位語從句解釋說明evidence的具體內容。

【參考譯文】

盡管有大量證據表明，教師素質是最重要的變量，但教師工會還是反對實行優勝劣汰這一做法。

Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.

【重點詞匯】

justification [?d??st?f??ke??n] n. 正當理由

origin [??r?d??n] n. 起源;源頭;起因

reasonable [?ri?zn?bl] adj. 有理由的;合乎情理的

diversity [da??v??s?ti] n. 多樣性;多樣化

constrain [k?n?stre?n] v. 限制;限定;約束

【句子分析】

主句：Darwinism(主語)seems to offer justification(復合謂語seem to do sth.)

For原因狀語從句：for(引導詞)if從句(狀語)it(形式主語)seems(系動詞)reasonable(表語)to suppose that從句(真正的主語)

If條件狀語從句：if(引導詞)all humans(主語)share(謂語)common origins(賓語)

That賓語從句：that(引導詞)cultural diversity(主語)could also be traced to more constrained beginnings(復合謂語trace...to...的被動形式)

【補充分析】

①本句是一個多重復合句，for引導的原因狀語從句中內嵌了if引導的條件狀語從句和that引導的賓語從句。

【參考譯文】

達爾文學說似乎做出了證明，因為如果人類有著共同的起源，那么似乎就有理由認為文化的多樣性也可以追潮到更為有限的起源。

Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species.

【重點詞匯】

biologist [ba???l?d??st] n. 生物學家

somewhat [?s?mw?t] adv. 稍微;有點;有幾分

overwork [???v??w??k] v. (使)過度勞累;過分努力

n. 勞累過度;過分辛苦

creature [?kri?t??(r)] n. 生物;動物

preserve [pr??z??v] v. 保護;維護;維持……的原狀;保存

prey [pre?] n. 獵物;受害者

v. 捕食;獵獲

【句子分析】

主句：Time(主語)was(系動詞)when從句(表語)

When表語從句：when(引導詞)biologists(主語)[somewhat] overworked(謂語)the evidence(賓語)

That同位語從句1：that(引導詞)these creatures(主語)preserve(謂語)the health of game(賓語)

That同位語從句2：or(連詞)that(引導詞)they(主語)prey only on(謂語)“worthless” species(賓語)

【補充分析】

①time was when相當于there was a time when…，翻譯為“曾幾何時……”，when從句引出一件過去已經發生的事情;

②that引導的同位語從句1和2先行詞為evidence，解釋說明是什么證據;

③by killing the physically weak為that引導的同位語從句1中的方式狀語。

【參考譯文】

曾經有段時間，生物學家或多或少濫用了一種證據，即這些生物通過殺死體弱者來保持種群的健康，或者說它們僅僅捕食沒有價值的物種。

But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.

【重點詞匯】

discover [d??sk?v?(r)] v. 發現;找到

consciously [?k?n??sli] adv. 有意識地;自覺地

parallel [?p?r?lel] adj. 平行的;并行的;相應的

innovative [??n?ve?t?v] adj. 革新的;創新的;引進新思想的;采用新方法的

track [tr?k] n. 小道;小徑;足跡;蹤跡;軌道;跑道

v. 跟蹤;追蹤

【句子分析】

主句：But(連詞)brain researchers(主語)have discovered(謂語)that從句(賓語)

That賓語從句：that(引導詞)we(主語)create(謂語)parallel paths(賓語1)and(連詞)even entirely new brain cells(賓語2)

When時間狀語從句：when(引導詞)we(主語)consciously develop(謂語)new habits(賓語)

That定語從句：that(主語)can jump(謂語)our trains of thought(賓語)

【補充分析】

①主干部分that引導的賓語從句中內嵌了一個when引導的時間狀語從句和that定語從句;

②that定語從句修飾paths, and even entirely new brain cells;

③onto new, innovative tracks為that引導的定語從句中的狀語。

【參考譯文】

但是，大腦研究專家卻發現，當我們有意識地培養新習慣的時候，就會在大腦中生成相應的通道，甚至還會形成全新的腦細胞，它們能把我們的思路引入到新的創新軌道。

More than 60,000 people have purchased the paternity testing kits since they first became available without prescriptions last year, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits.

【重點詞匯】

purchase [?p??t??s] n. 購買;采購

v. 購買;采購

paternity [p??t??n?ti] n. 父親的身份(或地位)

kit [k?t] n. 成套工具;成套設備

v. 裝備

prescription [pr??skr?p?n] n. 處方;藥方

over-the-counter [???v? e? ?ka?nt?(r)] adj. 無需處方可買到的;非處方的

【句子分析】

主句：More than 60,000 people(主語)have purchased(謂語)the paternity testing kits(賓語)

Since時間狀語從句：since(引導詞)they(主語)first became(系動詞)available(表語)

Which定語從句修飾Identigene：which(主語)makes(謂語)the over-the-counter kits(賓語)

【補充分析】

①according to Doug Fogg為插入語;

②chief operating officer of Identigene為Doug Fogg的同位語，表明其身份;

③without prescriptions last year分別為時間狀語從句中的伴隨狀語和時間狀語。

【參考譯文】

據生產這種非處方產品套裝的Identigene公司的首席運營官道格·福格稱，自從去年該親子鑒定產品套裝不需要醫師處方即可購買以來，已經有6萬多人購買。

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