學統考考博在即，今天開始帶同學們學習醫學統考寫作三選一的漢譯英，該如何備考？

預測話題：研究表明作息時間 影響青少年大腦發育

中文材料

人們的睡眠模式在青少年時期會發生變化。許多青少年從早起的“百靈鳥”變成了“夜貓子”。他們感覺在晚上更有效率，警覺性更高，但睡得更晚，第二天醒得也更晚。

研究發現，在青春期早期（大約12一13歲）轉變為“夜獵子的青少年更有可能在幾年后出現行為問題，包括更大的攻擊性、違反規則和反社會行為，但他們發生情緒問題的風險并沒有增加，比如焦慮或情緒低落。

新研究還表明，早起的“百靈鳥”和晚睡的“夜貓子”的大腦結構和發育速度不同，包括灰質和白質的差異，這與記憶、情緒健康、注意力和同理心的差異有關。“夜貓子”青少年的腦白質沒有增加到與早起的青少年相同的程度。事實上，在青少年時期，腦白質的發育對于支持認知、情感和行為的發展非常重要。(306字)

專業詞匯

青少年時期 adolescence

焦慮或情緒低落 anxiety or depression

參考譯文

Sleep Schedule Affects Brain Development of Teenagers

People's sleep patterns will shift during adolescence.A lot of teenagers have transformed from "larks",-who get up early to work or study,-to "night owls",-who stay up very late at night,-because they feel more productive and aware at night,which makes them go to bed very late and wake up very late the next day.

A study found that those adolescents who has become "night owls"in early adolescence (between the ages of 12 and 13)were more likely to experience behavioral issues later on,such as increased aggression,rule-breaking,and antisocial behavior,but they were not more likely to experience emotional issues like anxiety or depression.

According to recent studies,the brains of"larks"and "night owls"have different structures and speeds of growth,including variations in the amount of gray and white matter,which are associated with variations in memory,emotional well-being,attention and empathy.The amount of white matter in the brain of those teenagers who sleep very late at night hasn't been increased to the same amount as that of those teenagers who get up early in the morning.In reality,in adolescence,the growth of white matter in one's brain is of great significance to the development of cognition,emotion and behaviors.