希賽網為考生們整理了2010年中共中央黨校考博英語填空題真題，供考生們備考復習。

When discussing cultural perspectives, we need to recognize that there are two kinds: emic and etic. Emic perspectives are (1) articulated by members of the culture to explain themselves and their culture, while etic perspectives are those of outsiders to the culture who use their own criteria to explain (2)culture.

Etic perspectives include those of visitors to the culture, the criteria they use to describe and explain what they encounter, (3) categories for cross-cultural description and analysis established by anthropologists and other cultural researchers(4) many cultures. (5) the continuum, etic perspectives consist of simple explanations from one's own cultural background. This is a common reaction to cultural phenomena—explaining them (6) perceived similarities or differences to one's own culture, better (7)ethnocentrism. At the other end of the spectrum, etic perspectives consist of categories that can be used to describe (8) cultures. Some of these categories are drawn from notions of cultural universals and(9)the table of contents of introductory cultural anthropology textbooks. They reflect cultural practices and products: institutions like family, kinship, economy, leisure, music, or government. Other etic classifications come from theories of cultural perspectives: value orientations such as individualism / collectivism, low-context / high-context, polychromic / monochromic, and (10) .Etic perspectives, (11), provide frameworks to describe, analyze, and explain a culture from the (12). Each etic category carries assumptions about the nature of culture, and it is important to (13) these assumptions.

Emic explanations are perspectives that members of the culture use to describe or explain their own way of life. These perspectives do not necessarily correspond to etic categories, (14) that the members use for their explanations. (15), members may easily express the reasons for cultural products and practice. Or, given that many fundamental cultural perspectives are outside awareness, like the submerged bulk of the cultural iceberg, members may have difficulty finding words to fully explain them; (16) I had no explanation on American toilet training practices.

It is a daunting task to identify the perspectives of a culture. Fortunately for language teachers, anthropologists, interculturalists, and others have devised frameworks for explaining cultures. These frameworks, because they apply to all cultures, are examples of the (17) perspectives.

A number of models of etic perspectives are (18) in the field. (19), these models presume that there is a finite set of realities that all cultures must address. These realities are part of the human condition. Different cultures perceive these realities in distinct ways. These distinct perceptions, (20), lead to different beliefs, values, attitudes, and practices—in a word, to different worldviews.

1.A、 what                B、 which                C、 these               D、 those22.

2.A、 another's         B、 the other's        C、 the others'      D、 others'

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