希賽網(wǎng)為考生們整理了2012年中共中央黨校考博英語填空題真題，供考生們備考復(fù)習(xí)。

The desire for friendship is always with us but we do not always have friends. In fact, the first thing that our own experiences, (1) many of the great philosophers, tell us about true friendship is that it is very rare. A lot of our associations seem like friendships at first, only to weaken and disappear(2). These lack what might be called the “prerequisites”. In trying to (3) what they are, we must begin by clearly distinguishing between relationships that are accidental and temporary and (4) that are essential and enduring.

Aristotle offers us substantial help here by pointing out that there are three kinds of friendship based on utility, on pleasure, and on virtue.

The friendship of utility and pleasure go together and are(5) the most common. Everyone has experienced them. People are “friendly” to their business associates, neighbors, the members of their car pool, and(6) casual acquaintances on trains, boats and airplanes. This kind of civility is, (7), a form of friendship, the friendship of utility, of mutual convenience. (8), people are “friendly” to their golfing partners, to others at a cocktail party, and to acquaintances who entertain them. This is also a form of friendship, the friendship of (9), of mutual enjoyment. It could be argued that these sorts of friendship appear to be based upon something(10) reciprocal altruism: we are friendly (11) because cooperating in the office is mutually beneficial in terms of (12): we like to shop with friends because it is mutually beneficial in terms of increasing the pleasure.

These low forms of friendship are not necessarily bad,(13) they are (14). One of their defects (15) the fact that they depend on and vary with circumstances. This is why they quickly arise and just as quickly disappear. (16), when the Book of Proverbs says, “A friend loves at all times”, it is referring to (17) form of friendship that does not depend on circumstances. In order to go beyond the effect of time and accident, it must be based on the inherent qualities of the individuals involved. A friendship(18) cannot be a passing friendship.

True friendship, then, (19) (although it often includes) both utility and pleasure. For Aristotle, such a friendship must be based on a good moral character. Only in that way can it last. Further, it must develop (20), since it first depends on familiarity, knowledge, and then—eventually —mutual trust.

1.A、 in spite of           B、 except          C、 as well as        D、 besides

2.A、 in time               B、 on time         C、 in no time       D、 at one time

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